In differential geometry, the Ricci bend tensor, named after Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro,

In differential geometry, the Ricci bend tensor, named after Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, speaks to the sum by which the volume of a geodesic ball in a bended Riemannian complex veers off from that of the standard ball in Euclidean space. All things considered, it gives one method for measuring the degree to which the geometry controlled by a given Riemannian metric may contrast from that of customary Euclidean n-space. The Ricci tensor is characterized on any pseudo-Riemannian complex, as a hint of the Riemann bend tensor. Like the metric itself, the Ricci tensor is a symmetric bilinear structure on the digression space of the complex.

In relativity hypothesis, the Ricci tensor is the piece of the shape of space-time that decides the degree to which matter will have a tendency to meet or wander in time (through the Raychaudhuri mathematical statement). It is identified with the matter substance of the universe by method for the Einstein field mathematical statement. In differential geometry, lower limits on the Ricci tensor on a Riemannian complex permit one to concentrate worldwide geometric and topological data by examination (cf. correlation hypothesis) with the geometry of a steady curve space structure. In the event that the Ricci tensor fulfills the vacuum Einstein comparison, then the complex is an Einstein complex, which have been broadly mulled over (cf. Besse 1987). In this association, the Ricci stream comparison represents the advancement of an offered metric to an Einstein metric, the exact way in which this happens eventually prompts the result of the Poincaré guess. 

The Ricci ebb and flow is basically a normal of bends in the planes including ξ. Accordingly if a cone emitted with an at first roundabout (or round) cross-area gets mutilated into an oval (ellipsoid), it is workable for the volume mutilation to vanish if the twists along the chief tomahawks neutralize each other. The Ricci shape would then vanish along ξ. In physical applications, the vicinity of a nonvanishing sectional bend does not so much demonstrate the vicinity of any mass by regional standards; if an at first roundabout cross-area of a cone of world-lines later gets circular, without transforming its volume, then this is because of tidal impacts from a mass at some other area. 

Ricci ebb and flow additionally shows up in the Ricci stream comparison, where a period subordinate Riemannian metric is twisted toward short its Ricci bend. This arrangement of fractional differential mathematical statements is a non-direct simple of the high temperature comparison, and was initially presented by Richard Hamilton in the early 1980s. Since high temperature has a tendency to spread through a strong until the body achieves a balance state of steady temperature, Ricci stream may be wanted to create a harmony geometry for a complex for which the Ricci ebb and flow is consistent. Late commitments to the subject because of Grigori Perelman now demonstrate that this project works fine in measurement three to prompt a complete characterization of reduced 3-manifolds, along lines initially guessed by William Thurston in the 1970s. 

Here is a short arrangement of worldwide results concerning manifolds with positive Ricci arch; see additionally traditional hypotheses of Riemannian geometry. Quickly, positive Ricci ebb and flow of a Riemannian complex has solid topological results, while (for measurement no less than 3), negative Ricci bend has no topological ramifications. (The Ricci curve is said to be certain if the Ricci bend capacity Ric(ξ,ξ) is sure on the situated of non-zero digression vectors ξ.) Some results are additionally known for pseudo-Riemannian mani

Catherine of Ricci

St. Catherine de' Ricci O.P. (23 April 1522 – 1 February 1590) was an Italian Catholic saint. Born in Florence, her birth name was Alessandra Lucrezia Romola de' Ricci. At age 13, her father put her in the Monticelli convent near their home where she received an education. After a short time outside the convent, at 14, she went to the Dominican convent of San Vincenzo (St. Vincent) in Prato, Tuscany. By age 25, she had risen to the post of perpetual prioress. She lived at San Vincenzo until her death in 1590 after a prolonged illness.

As the perpetual prioress of San Vincenzo, she developed into an effective and greatly admired administrator. She was an advisor on various topics to princes, bishops and cardinals. She corresponded with three men who were destined to become popes: Pope Marcellus II, Pope Clement VIII, and Pope Leo XI. An expert on religion, management and administration, her advice was widely sought. She gave counsel both in person and through exchanging letters. It is reported that she was extremely effective and efficient in her work, managing her priorities very well.

Catherine of Ricci

St. Catherine de' Ricci O.P. (23 April 1522 – 1 February 1590) was an Italian Catholic saint. Born in Florence, she was born Alessandra Lucrezia Romola de' Ricci. At age 13, her father put her in the Monticelli convent near their home where she received an education. After a short time outside the convent, at 14, she went to the Dominican convent of San Vincenzo (St. Vincent) in Prato, Tuscany. By age 25, she had risen to the post of perpetual prioress. She lived at San Vincenzo until her death in 1590 after a prolonged illness.

As the perpetual prioress of San Vincenzo, she developed into an effective and greatly admired administrator. She was an advisor on various topics to princes, bishops and cardinals. She corresponded with three men who were destined to become popes: Pope Marcellus II, Pope Clement VIII, and Pope Leo XI. An expert on religion, management and administration, her advice was eagerly sought. She gave counsel both in person and through writing letters. It is reported that she was extremely effective and efficient in her work, managing her priorities very well.

It is claimed that her meditation on the passion of Christ was so deep that she spontaneously bled as though scourged, and that during times of deep prayer a coral ring, representing her marriage to Christ as a nun, appeared on her finger. She was a very prayerful person from a very young age.

It is reported that she wore a "iron chain" about her neck, engaged in extreme fasting and other forms of penance and sacrifice, especially for the souls in Purgatory. She also bore the Stigmata. One of the miracles that was documented for her canonization was her appearance many hundreds of miles away from where she was physically located.

Painted Bunting

The male Painted Bunting is often described as the most beautiful bird in North America. Its beautiful colors, dark blue head, green back, red rump and underparts, make it easy to identify, but is very difficult to spot since it hides in foliage even when it is singing. The plumage of female and juvenile Painted Buntings is green and yellow-green, serving as camouflage.